**Scroll Down for Research Links**
Coriolis Acceleration:
The Coriolis force is a force that acts on objects that are in motion within a rotating frame of reference. Because the Earth is a rotating sphere, an object traveling unattached to Earth’s surface is affected by the Coriolis force, depending on its speed and direction, as well as its latitude on Earth’s surface.
The rotating motion of the Earth causes the different parts of Earth’s surface to have different linear speeds, depending on its distance from the Earth’s rotational axis. An object moving from a location to another with a different linear speed will be affected by the Coriolis force because the motion of the object is now being observed from another location with a different linear speed/direction relative to Earth’s rotational axis.
Due to the Coriolis force, in the northern hemisphere, an object moving to the north will be deflected to the right because it is moving to a location with a slower linear speed from Earth’s rotation. An object traveling to the south will also be deflected to its right because it is moving to a location with a faster linear speed.
The Coriolis force is a force that acts on objects that are in motion within a rotating frame of reference. Because the Earth is a rotating sphere, an object traveling unattached to Earth’s surface is affected by the Coriolis force, depending on its speed and direction, as well as its latitude on Earth’s surface.
The rotating motion of the Earth causes the different parts of Earth’s surface to have different linear speeds, depending on its distance from the Earth’s rotational axis. An object moving from a location to another with a different linear speed will be affected by the Coriolis force because the motion of the object is now being observed from another location with a different linear speed/direction relative to Earth’s rotational axis.
Due to the Coriolis force, in the northern hemisphere, an object moving to the north will be deflected to the right because it is moving to a location with a slower linear speed from Earth’s rotation. An object traveling to the south will also be deflected to its right because it is moving to a location with a faster linear speed.
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Hurricane Ian is rotating Counterclockwise BECAUSE the earth is spinning and the Coriolis Effect is VERY Real! If you live in Florida, like I do be prepared and be safe!
This is a very recent image of Hurricane Ian from GOES 16, and it is rotating as expected counterclockwise. And by the way, GOES is giving us proof like every 15 minutes the earth is a sphere with high resolution whole disk images!
A hurricane rotates in a different direction depending on which hemisphere it occurs. A cyclone rotates counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
The phenomenon happens because of the Coriolis effect, which in turn occurs because the Earth is spherical and rotating. The tangential speed of the earth is faster at the equator than the poles which nudges the angular momentum of the hurricane to follow the Coriolis Force from the spinning earth which are mirror opposites in both hemispheres.
This fact also makes a hurricane happen very rarely near the equator. Near the equator, the Coriolis effect is too weak that it is almost impossible for a cyclone to form.
This phenomenon cannot possibly happen if the Earth is flat and motionless.
This is a very recent image of Hurricane Ian from GOES 16, and it is rotating as expected counterclockwise. And by the way, GOES is giving us proof like every 15 minutes the earth is a sphere with high resolution whole disk images!
A hurricane rotates in a different direction depending on which hemisphere it occurs. A cyclone rotates counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
The phenomenon happens because of the Coriolis effect, which in turn occurs because the Earth is spherical and rotating. The tangential speed of the earth is faster at the equator than the poles which nudges the angular momentum of the hurricane to follow the Coriolis Force from the spinning earth which are mirror opposites in both hemispheres.
This fact also makes a hurricane happen very rarely near the equator. Near the equator, the Coriolis effect is too weak that it is almost impossible for a cyclone to form.
This phenomenon cannot possibly happen if the Earth is flat and motionless.
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Coriolis force is sometimes used for long range shooting. It is situation dependent, but is absolutely used in some situations for more accurate shots. When flat earthers claim Coriolis is not used for long range shooting, they are simply wrong. Below are several resources that shooter. s use to adjust for Coriolis.
High end ballistics software has adjustments for Coriolis:
http://www.dexadine.com/bexhelp/bexhelp142.htm
High end ballistics software has adjustments for Coriolis:
http://www.dexadine.com/bexhelp/bexhelp142.htm
High-end computerized scope for long rang shooting: Revic PMR 428
Revic PMR 428 Smart Rifle ScopeDownload
Revic PMR 428 Smart Rifle ScopeDownload
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Lex Talus provides “Professional Grade Software to Solve the Difficult Trajectory Problems”. This runs on Nomad mobile computers. The software includes corrections for Coriolis.
field-firing-solutions-delta-v-manual-v-4.8Download
field-firing-solutions-delta-v-manual-v-4.8Download
The CHEYTAC LONG RANGE RIFLE SYSTEM INTERVENTION TACTICAL SYSTEM includes an Advanced Ballistic Computer. This computer includes corrections based on Coriolis
**Evidence and Research on Coriolis**
FIELD ARTILLERY, VOL 6, BALLISTICS AND AMMUNITION http://www.uscrow.org/downloads/Ammunition-Guides/Ballistics-and-Ammunition.pdf"The next important factor in drift is *Coriolis acceleration.* ... It would be present if the projectile were fired in a vacuum. It does, however, depend on the latitude and gearing of the gun and on its range. Its effect is opposite north and south of the equator. For long range guns it is sometimes almost as great as the gyroscopic effect."
Marine Corps Manual- Field Artillery Manual Cannon Gunnery- "Deviations From Standard Conditions. - *Rotation of the earth."* http://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/docs/fm6-40-ch3.htm
*Modern Exterior Ballistics* (McCoy, Robert [1999]) _a comprehensive text covering the basic free flight dynamics of symmetric projectiles._
Coriolis effect of a 7.62mm Ball M80 Bullet.
500 yards - .6 inches
1000 yards - 2.8 in
1500 yards - 7.6 in
2000 yards - 15.9 in
"The basic principles of ballistic science are developed from a comprehensive definition of the aerodynamic forces that control the flight dynamics of symmetric projectiles. The author carefully starts with the basic vacuum point mass trajectory, adds the effects of drag, discusses the action of winds, simple flat fire approximations, *Coriolis effects* and concludes with the classic modified point mass trajectories."
http://riflemansjournal.blogspot.com/2011/03/book-review-modern-exterior-ballistics.html
The Paris Gun - "The distance was so far that the Coriolis effect — the *rotation of the Earth* — was substantial enough to affect trajectory calculations." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Gun
INS for Guided Missile Systems - http://techdigest.jhuapl.edu/TD/td2804/Bezick.pdf Pg 2 "Moreover,the desired navigation solution typically is formed relative to a second, *rotating Earth-centered* Earth-fixed (ECEF) coordinate frame, (ie, je, ke), having angular velocity ie, relative to the inertial frame. If the position vector of the missile, r, over the Earth’s surface is desired (latitude, longitude, and altitude), then a model for the ellipsoidal shape of the Earth’s surface must be used.
Nat Geo Encyclopedia on Coriolis- "Military aircraft and missile-control technology must calculate the *Coriolis effect* for similar reasons. The target of an air raid could be missed entirely, and innocent people and civilian structures could be damaged. " http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/coriolis-effect/?ar_a=1
From Principles of Guided Missiles and Nuclear Weapons - "The CORIOLIS FORCE must also be compensated for. It is *caused by the earth's rotation,* and tends to deflect a missile to the right in the northern hemisphere, and to the left in the southern hemisphere." http://archive.hnsa.org/doc/missile/index.htm "The amount of deviation produced by the *coriolis force* depends on the latitude, length, and direction of the missile flight. "
Arms Guide, "Coriolis effect affects everything not firmly attached to the Earth’s surface." , "the vertical component of the trajectory is called Eötvös Effect. " - http://thearmsguide.com/5329/external-ballistics-the-coriolis-effect-6-theory-section/
Long Range Shooters "Coriolis makes the projectile appear to curve" - http://longrangeshooter.com/2008/05/coriolis-effect/
Applied Ballistics, "There are horizontal and vertical components to Coriolis acceleration." - http://www.appliedballisticsllc.com/spindrift.html
Ballistics calculators that incorporate coriolis must be wrong? - at JBM, http://www.jbmballistics.com/ballistics/calculators/calculators.shtml
Gunwerks, lang range ballistics manufacturer and instruction (in my video)- http://www.gunwerks.com/Long-Range-University/Videos/Long-Range-Ballistics-Videos
An airplane's Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) "must continually correct for a plane's tendency to drift off course because of _Earth's rotational acceleration,_ a consequence of the so-called _Coriolis force."_ From *Inertial Navigation And Flight* - http://science.jrank.org/pages/3581/Inertial-Guidance-Inertial-navigation-flight.html
From Newton's Laws Applied to Navigation - "A firm understanding of four concepts is required to obtain (velocity) from Newton's Laws: gravity, attitude, Earth-referenced velocity and the _Coriolis theorem."_ https://books.google.com/books?id=44aF0_rp49AC&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=inertial+navigation+system+earth+coriolis&source=bl&ots=KHhbZgZryX&sig=jMWsrDOhIoQK0z2K-orFs5C3lkM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEgQ6AEwB2oVChMIk-C5qq-ExgIVTFuICh1PogAv#v=onepage&q=inertial navigation system earth coriolis&f=false
And from Institude of Flight System Dynamics - "In a sequential process of levelling and gyro compassing the initial orientation could be derived, when the Earth’s rate of _rotation_ can be sufficiently resolved..." http://www.fsd.mw.tum.de/research/sensors-data-fusion-and-navigation/inertial-navigation/
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METEOROLOGY and CORIOLIS:
Wind patterns have _everything_ to do with coriolis effect, illustrated here- https://youtu.be/RT6WwNmDfEQ?t=396 Flat Earth theory has no explanation for trade winds, westerlies and easterlies- http://www.weatherwizkids.com/globalcirculation.gif
http://www.weatheronline.co.uk/reports/wxfacts/Coriolis-effect.htm
" In meteorology, the horizontal component of the Coriolis force is of primary importance, "
American Meteorological Society- "The Coriolis force is defined as always acting perpendicular to the direction of motion; to the right in the Northern Hemisphere to explain rightward turning, and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere to describe leftward turning. It is all necessary *because Earth turns!"*
Hong Kong Observatory- "The apparent deflection of a moving air mass caused by the Earth's rotation is called the Coriolis effect." http://www.hko.gov.hk/education/edu01met/wxphe/ele_geostrophicwind_e.htm
Meteorology. By Professor of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison -
"... in the midlatitudes, the Coriolis force is strong; thishas important implications for how we understand midlatitude weather." https://books.google.com/books?id=qWcrAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA186&lpg=PA186&dq=meteorology+coriolis&source=bl&ots=ZRA5-OutaD&sig=e6LQaXe049HYslMLDnHH2jhwqoU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2n-PVYi3JMOoogSy_ofICA&ved=0CEEQ6AEwCDgK#v=onepage&q=meteorology coriolis&f=false
Univ of Illinois- "As air moves from high to low pressure in the northern hemisphere, it is deflected to the right by the Coriolis force. " http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/fw/crls.rxml
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OCEANOGRAPHY and CORIOLIS:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_oceanography#Coriolis_effect
"Each successive layer of water underneath is effected further by the Coriolis effect (but the foward movement of water is less) creating an Ekman spiral" http://science.kennesaw.edu/~jdirnber/oceanography/LecuturesOceanogr/LecCurrents/LecCurrents.html
"Winds drive surface currents in the ocean, and these currents are effected by the Coriolis effect. "
A Laboratory Demonstration of Coriolis Effects on Wind-Driven ocean currents- http://www.tos.org/oceanography/archive/21-2_beesley.pdf
Oceanography: An Invitation to Marine Science - https://books.google.com/books?id=Bjx-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT257&lpg=PT257&dq=coriolis+effect+oceanography&source=bl&ots=TDsHYsixbT&sig=RoJW3JzYyq8suS0-vDzN_9sZd2s&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8IKPVYinDY35oAS_8YZg&ved=0CDQQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=coriolis effect oceanography&f=false
geostrophic ("Earth turning") currents.
http://www.britannica.com/science/ocean-current/Geostrophic-currents "On a nonrotating Earth, water would be accelerated by a horizontal pressure gradient and would flow from high to low pressure. On the rotating Earth, however, the Coriolis force deflects the motion,"
Ocean in Motion: Geostrophic Flow Background-
"A balance develops between the Coriolis force and the force arising from the horizontal water pressure gradient such that surface currents flow parallel to the contours of elevation of sea level. This current is known as geostrophic flow."
http://oceanmotion.org/html/background/geostrophic-flow.htm
Coriolis and Ekman Transport, Penn State Dept of Geosciences, https://www.e-education.psu.edu/earth540/content/c4_p3.html
TX A & M Univ- Geostrophic Equations- http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/ocng_textbook/chapter10/chapter10_02.htm
Cornell Univ- http://www.geo.cornell.edu/ocean/p_ocean/ppt_notes/15_GeostrophicCurrents.pdf "The force balance is between the centripetal force and Coriolis force"
Early Astronomer Described Coriolis Effect Centuries Before Coriolis
http://www.technologyreview.com/vie...ed-coriolis-effect-centuries-before-coriolis/
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CORIOLIS EFFECT ON SATELLITES:
Explaining the Coriolis Effect on the Tethered Satellite
http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foredu...istbytype/Explaining_the_Coriolis_Effect.html
Orbital mechanics- http://physics.info/orbital-mechanics-1/
"Objects orbiting around L4 and L5 are stable because the Coriolis force keeps them spinning around the Lagrange point."
Marine Corps Manual- Field Artillery Manual Cannon Gunnery- "Deviations From Standard Conditions. - *Rotation of the earth."* http://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/docs/fm6-40-ch3.htm
*Modern Exterior Ballistics* (McCoy, Robert [1999]) _a comprehensive text covering the basic free flight dynamics of symmetric projectiles._
Coriolis effect of a 7.62mm Ball M80 Bullet.
500 yards - .6 inches
1000 yards - 2.8 in
1500 yards - 7.6 in
2000 yards - 15.9 in
"The basic principles of ballistic science are developed from a comprehensive definition of the aerodynamic forces that control the flight dynamics of symmetric projectiles. The author carefully starts with the basic vacuum point mass trajectory, adds the effects of drag, discusses the action of winds, simple flat fire approximations, *Coriolis effects* and concludes with the classic modified point mass trajectories."
http://riflemansjournal.blogspot.com/2011/03/book-review-modern-exterior-ballistics.html
The Paris Gun - "The distance was so far that the Coriolis effect — the *rotation of the Earth* — was substantial enough to affect trajectory calculations." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Gun
INS for Guided Missile Systems - http://techdigest.jhuapl.edu/TD/td2804/Bezick.pdf Pg 2 "Moreover,the desired navigation solution typically is formed relative to a second, *rotating Earth-centered* Earth-fixed (ECEF) coordinate frame, (ie, je, ke), having angular velocity ie, relative to the inertial frame. If the position vector of the missile, r, over the Earth’s surface is desired (latitude, longitude, and altitude), then a model for the ellipsoidal shape of the Earth’s surface must be used.
Nat Geo Encyclopedia on Coriolis- "Military aircraft and missile-control technology must calculate the *Coriolis effect* for similar reasons. The target of an air raid could be missed entirely, and innocent people and civilian structures could be damaged. " http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/coriolis-effect/?ar_a=1
From Principles of Guided Missiles and Nuclear Weapons - "The CORIOLIS FORCE must also be compensated for. It is *caused by the earth's rotation,* and tends to deflect a missile to the right in the northern hemisphere, and to the left in the southern hemisphere." http://archive.hnsa.org/doc/missile/index.htm "The amount of deviation produced by the *coriolis force* depends on the latitude, length, and direction of the missile flight. "
Arms Guide, "Coriolis effect affects everything not firmly attached to the Earth’s surface." , "the vertical component of the trajectory is called Eötvös Effect. " - http://thearmsguide.com/5329/external-ballistics-the-coriolis-effect-6-theory-section/
Long Range Shooters "Coriolis makes the projectile appear to curve" - http://longrangeshooter.com/2008/05/coriolis-effect/
Applied Ballistics, "There are horizontal and vertical components to Coriolis acceleration." - http://www.appliedballisticsllc.com/spindrift.html
Ballistics calculators that incorporate coriolis must be wrong? - at JBM, http://www.jbmballistics.com/ballistics/calculators/calculators.shtml
Gunwerks, lang range ballistics manufacturer and instruction (in my video)- http://www.gunwerks.com/Long-Range-University/Videos/Long-Range-Ballistics-Videos
An airplane's Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) "must continually correct for a plane's tendency to drift off course because of _Earth's rotational acceleration,_ a consequence of the so-called _Coriolis force."_ From *Inertial Navigation And Flight* - http://science.jrank.org/pages/3581/Inertial-Guidance-Inertial-navigation-flight.html
From Newton's Laws Applied to Navigation - "A firm understanding of four concepts is required to obtain (velocity) from Newton's Laws: gravity, attitude, Earth-referenced velocity and the _Coriolis theorem."_ https://books.google.com/books?id=44aF0_rp49AC&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=inertial+navigation+system+earth+coriolis&source=bl&ots=KHhbZgZryX&sig=jMWsrDOhIoQK0z2K-orFs5C3lkM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEgQ6AEwB2oVChMIk-C5qq-ExgIVTFuICh1PogAv#v=onepage&q=inertial navigation system earth coriolis&f=false
And from Institude of Flight System Dynamics - "In a sequential process of levelling and gyro compassing the initial orientation could be derived, when the Earth’s rate of _rotation_ can be sufficiently resolved..." http://www.fsd.mw.tum.de/research/sensors-data-fusion-and-navigation/inertial-navigation/
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METEOROLOGY and CORIOLIS:
Wind patterns have _everything_ to do with coriolis effect, illustrated here- https://youtu.be/RT6WwNmDfEQ?t=396 Flat Earth theory has no explanation for trade winds, westerlies and easterlies- http://www.weatherwizkids.com/globalcirculation.gif
http://www.weatheronline.co.uk/reports/wxfacts/Coriolis-effect.htm
" In meteorology, the horizontal component of the Coriolis force is of primary importance, "
American Meteorological Society- "The Coriolis force is defined as always acting perpendicular to the direction of motion; to the right in the Northern Hemisphere to explain rightward turning, and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere to describe leftward turning. It is all necessary *because Earth turns!"*
Hong Kong Observatory- "The apparent deflection of a moving air mass caused by the Earth's rotation is called the Coriolis effect." http://www.hko.gov.hk/education/edu01met/wxphe/ele_geostrophicwind_e.htm
Meteorology. By Professor of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison -
"... in the midlatitudes, the Coriolis force is strong; thishas important implications for how we understand midlatitude weather." https://books.google.com/books?id=qWcrAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA186&lpg=PA186&dq=meteorology+coriolis&source=bl&ots=ZRA5-OutaD&sig=e6LQaXe049HYslMLDnHH2jhwqoU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2n-PVYi3JMOoogSy_ofICA&ved=0CEEQ6AEwCDgK#v=onepage&q=meteorology coriolis&f=false
Univ of Illinois- "As air moves from high to low pressure in the northern hemisphere, it is deflected to the right by the Coriolis force. " http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/fw/crls.rxml
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OCEANOGRAPHY and CORIOLIS:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_oceanography#Coriolis_effect
"Each successive layer of water underneath is effected further by the Coriolis effect (but the foward movement of water is less) creating an Ekman spiral" http://science.kennesaw.edu/~jdirnber/oceanography/LecuturesOceanogr/LecCurrents/LecCurrents.html
"Winds drive surface currents in the ocean, and these currents are effected by the Coriolis effect. "
A Laboratory Demonstration of Coriolis Effects on Wind-Driven ocean currents- http://www.tos.org/oceanography/archive/21-2_beesley.pdf
Oceanography: An Invitation to Marine Science - https://books.google.com/books?id=Bjx-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT257&lpg=PT257&dq=coriolis+effect+oceanography&source=bl&ots=TDsHYsixbT&sig=RoJW3JzYyq8suS0-vDzN_9sZd2s&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8IKPVYinDY35oAS_8YZg&ved=0CDQQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=coriolis effect oceanography&f=false
geostrophic ("Earth turning") currents.
http://www.britannica.com/science/ocean-current/Geostrophic-currents "On a nonrotating Earth, water would be accelerated by a horizontal pressure gradient and would flow from high to low pressure. On the rotating Earth, however, the Coriolis force deflects the motion,"
Ocean in Motion: Geostrophic Flow Background-
"A balance develops between the Coriolis force and the force arising from the horizontal water pressure gradient such that surface currents flow parallel to the contours of elevation of sea level. This current is known as geostrophic flow."
http://oceanmotion.org/html/background/geostrophic-flow.htm
Coriolis and Ekman Transport, Penn State Dept of Geosciences, https://www.e-education.psu.edu/earth540/content/c4_p3.html
TX A & M Univ- Geostrophic Equations- http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/ocng_textbook/chapter10/chapter10_02.htm
Cornell Univ- http://www.geo.cornell.edu/ocean/p_ocean/ppt_notes/15_GeostrophicCurrents.pdf "The force balance is between the centripetal force and Coriolis force"
Early Astronomer Described Coriolis Effect Centuries Before Coriolis
http://www.technologyreview.com/vie...ed-coriolis-effect-centuries-before-coriolis/
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CORIOLIS EFFECT ON SATELLITES:
Explaining the Coriolis Effect on the Tethered Satellite
http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foredu...istbytype/Explaining_the_Coriolis_Effect.html
Orbital mechanics- http://physics.info/orbital-mechanics-1/
"Objects orbiting around L4 and L5 are stable because the Coriolis force keeps them spinning around the Lagrange point."
Coriolis Corrections for Artillery
Artillery projectiles travel a long distance and spend a considerable amount of time in the air. The longer a projectile is in the air, and the farther it travels, the more Coriolis affects it. For this reason, the military have compiled tables to include adjustments for Coriolis when calculating firing solutions for artillery. Below are a few examples of these table
https://www.youtube.com/clip/UgkxIREWGKUww7_HZMUcvqsKZau1wwckkfn8
OP 770 Range Tables for 16″/50 Caliber Gun, Mark D October 1941
This Navy manual has the range tables for the 16 inch/50 caliber gun, Mark D. These are the instructions for developing a firing solution for the gun. This includes adjustments due to the rotation of the earth.
op-770-range-tables-for-16inch-50-caliber-gun-1Download
op-770-range-tables-for-16inch-50-caliber-gun-2Download
Artillery projectiles travel a long distance and spend a considerable amount of time in the air. The longer a projectile is in the air, and the farther it travels, the more Coriolis affects it. For this reason, the military have compiled tables to include adjustments for Coriolis when calculating firing solutions for artillery. Below are a few examples of these table
https://www.youtube.com/clip/UgkxIREWGKUww7_HZMUcvqsKZau1wwckkfn8
OP 770 Range Tables for 16″/50 Caliber Gun, Mark D October 1941
This Navy manual has the range tables for the 16 inch/50 caliber gun, Mark D. These are the instructions for developing a firing solution for the gun. This includes adjustments due to the rotation of the earth.
op-770-range-tables-for-16inch-50-caliber-gun-1Download
op-770-range-tables-for-16inch-50-caliber-gun-2Download
THE PRODUCTION OF FIRING TABLES FOR CANNON ARTILLERY, 1967
This document from 1967 includes step by step adjustments for developing a firing solution for artillery. There are two tables included to adjust for Coriolis. One to adjust the range, the other to adjust the azimuth.
https://ntrl.ntis.gov/NTRL/dashboard/searchResults/titleDetail/AD826735.xhtml
THE PRODUCTION OF FIRING TABLES FOR CANNON ARTILLERY 1967Download
This document from 1967 includes step by step adjustments for developing a firing solution for artillery. There are two tables included to adjust for Coriolis. One to adjust the range, the other to adjust the azimuth.
https://ntrl.ntis.gov/NTRL/dashboard/searchResults/titleDetail/AD826735.xhtml
THE PRODUCTION OF FIRING TABLES FOR CANNON ARTILLERY 1967Download
Coriolis force is sometimes used for long range shooting. It is situation dependent, but is absolutely used in some situations for more accurate shots. When flat earthers claim Coriolis is not used for long range shooting, they are simply wrong. Below are several resources that shooters use to adjust for Coriolis.
May 17, 2018
Over and over and over and over and over again the experts tell you that at VERY LONG ranges the Coriolis and Eötvös effects matter and are used in the calculations used to aim ballistic artillery and rifle fire... to deny the VAST body of evidence on the word of some anonymous & unverified source is utterly ridiculous and just shows profound epistemic bias.
Application to Long-Range Artillery - Shelling Paris in WW1
Military: THE FIELD ARTILLERY JOURNAL (1918)
Fire Control Fundamentals (287389 O-54-4)
Long Range Shooting: External Ballistics – The Coriolis Effect
US Navy: OP 770 -- RANGE TABLES FOR 16"/50 CALIBER GUN
4DOF™ Ballistic Calculator
May 17, 2018
Over and over and over and over and over again the experts tell you that at VERY LONG ranges the Coriolis and Eötvös effects matter and are used in the calculations used to aim ballistic artillery and rifle fire... to deny the VAST body of evidence on the word of some anonymous & unverified source is utterly ridiculous and just shows profound epistemic bias.
Application to Long-Range Artillery - Shelling Paris in WW1
Military: THE FIELD ARTILLERY JOURNAL (1918)
Fire Control Fundamentals (287389 O-54-4)
Long Range Shooting: External Ballistics – The Coriolis Effect
US Navy: OP 770 -- RANGE TABLES FOR 16"/50 CALIBER GUN
4DOF™ Ballistic Calculator
Flat Earthers will often claim that military ballistics doesn't need to take Earth curvature into account.
Ordnance Pamphlet No. 770 begs to differ:
Ordnance Pamphlet No. 770 begs to differ:
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**END Evidence and Research on Coriolis**
Airplanes do correct for the Coriolis effect. They constantly make adjustments to counter forces that try to push them away from the planned route, including the Coriolis force.
North of the equator, the Coriolis effect will slowly push a plane away from its route to the right; and to the left south of the Equator. To counter this effect, an airplane needs to bank slightly to the other direction. For an airplane cruising at 900 km/h at a latitude of 45°, the required bank angle is only 0.15°.
North of the equator, the Coriolis effect will slowly push a plane away from its route to the right; and to the left south of the Equator. To counter this effect, an airplane needs to bank slightly to the other direction. For an airplane cruising at 900 km/h at a latitude of 45°, the required bank angle is only 0.15°.
The required bank angle to compensate for the Coriolis effect is minuscule. The pilot and the plane’s autopilot system apply it automatically as they are constantly correcting for any deviation from the flight plan.
The banking slightly decreases lift and has to be compensated by more thrust. For an Airbus A320, the thrust must be increased only by 0.00021%, which has a negligible effect on fuel consumption.
Some airplane’s instruments are sensitive enough to detect the slight banking to compensate for the Coriolis effect. The angle varies due to the corrections the airplane constantly makes for fluctuations in the air stream, but the mean value shows the expected bias for compensating the Coriolis effect.
The pilot Wolfie6020 made a video where we can see the bank angle displayed on a display. The angle varies due to corrections the airplane constantly makes to correct for fluctuations in the air stream, but the mean value shows a bias that is expected for the Coriolis correction.
The banking slightly decreases lift and has to be compensated by more thrust. For an Airbus A320, the thrust must be increased only by 0.00021%, which has a negligible effect on fuel consumption.
Some airplane’s instruments are sensitive enough to detect the slight banking to compensate for the Coriolis effect. The angle varies due to the corrections the airplane constantly makes for fluctuations in the air stream, but the mean value shows the expected bias for compensating the Coriolis effect.
The pilot Wolfie6020 made a video where we can see the bank angle displayed on a display. The angle varies due to corrections the airplane constantly makes to correct for fluctuations in the air stream, but the mean value shows a bias that is expected for the Coriolis correction.
This is how the aircraft continually correct itself as it is flying along a precise ground track.
These constant small Roll Corrections are how the aircraft compensates for crosswind and the Coriolis Effect.
These constant small Roll Corrections are how the aircraft compensates for crosswind and the Coriolis Effect.
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Note: The horizontal lift is used to counter the horizontal Coriolis force. It accelerates the airplane sideways exactly the amount necessary to keep up with the different tangential speeds of the surface of the earth with respect to space at different latitudes.
The Coriolis force acts always to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere. We can calculate the Coriolis acceleration instead of the Coriolis force. The connection is a = F / m. This way we get rid of the mass term m:
a(c) = 2*v*w*sin(0).
Note: as the airplane changes speed and latitude, the needed corrections constantly change and get smaller as the airplane approaches the equator, where the Coriolis effect is zero
http://walter.bislins.ch/bloge/index.asp?page=How+Airplanes+correct+for+the+Coriolis+Effect
The Coriolis force acts always to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere. We can calculate the Coriolis acceleration instead of the Coriolis force. The connection is a = F / m. This way we get rid of the mass term m:
a(c) = 2*v*w*sin(0).
Note: as the airplane changes speed and latitude, the needed corrections constantly change and get smaller as the airplane approaches the equator, where the Coriolis effect is zero
http://walter.bislins.ch/bloge/index.asp?page=How+Airplanes+correct+for+the+Coriolis+Effect
Toilets, Tubs and Sinks
It is a myth to say Sinks, Bath Tubs and Toilets flow counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and Clockwise in Southern Hemisphere... Or is it? These everyday systems DO actually experience the Coriolis Effect, however other forces acting on small basins (sinks, tubs, toilets, etc) will overwhelm the Coriolis Effect unless carefully controlled for. For example, your toilet has jets that will spray the water in a preferential direction.
But if you carefully control an experiment like the video below, you WILL see Coriolis just like in Huricanes, Foucault Pendulums, gyroscopes etc.
For the everyday observations of the kitchen sink and bath-tub variety, the direction of the vortex seems to vary in an unpredictable manner with the date, the time of day, and the particular household of the experimenter.
It is a myth to say Sinks, Bath Tubs and Toilets flow counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and Clockwise in Southern Hemisphere... Or is it? These everyday systems DO actually experience the Coriolis Effect, however other forces acting on small basins (sinks, tubs, toilets, etc) will overwhelm the Coriolis Effect unless carefully controlled for. For example, your toilet has jets that will spray the water in a preferential direction.
But if you carefully control an experiment like the video below, you WILL see Coriolis just like in Huricanes, Foucault Pendulums, gyroscopes etc.
For the everyday observations of the kitchen sink and bath-tub variety, the direction of the vortex seems to vary in an unpredictable manner with the date, the time of day, and the particular household of the experimenter.
Laboratory testing of draining water under atypical conditions
In 1962, Ascher Shapiro performed an experiment at MIT to test the Coriolis force on a large basin of water, 2 meters (6 ft 7 in) across, with a small wooden cross above the plug hole to display the direction of rotation, covering it and waiting for at least 24 hours for the water to settle. Under these precise laboratory conditions, he demonstrated the effect and consistent counterclockwise rotation.
Shapiro, Ascher H. (December 1962). "Bath-Tub Vortex". Nature. 196 (4859): 1080–1081. Bibcode:1962Nature
But under well-controlled conditions of experimentation, the observer looking downward at a drain in the northern hemisphere will always see a counter-clockwise vortex, while one in the southern hemisphere will always see a clockwise vortex. In a properly designed experiment, the vortex is produced by Coriolis forces, which are counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphere.
Lloyd Trefethen reported clockwise rotation in the Southern Hemisphere at the University of Sydney in five tests with settling times of 18 h or more.
Trefethen, Lloyd M.; Bilger, R. W.; Fink, P. T.; Luxton, R. E.; Tanner, R. I. (September 1965). "The Bath-Tub Vortex in the Southern Hemisphere". Nature. 207 (5001): 1084–1085
In 1962, Ascher Shapiro performed an experiment at MIT to test the Coriolis force on a large basin of water, 2 meters (6 ft 7 in) across, with a small wooden cross above the plug hole to display the direction of rotation, covering it and waiting for at least 24 hours for the water to settle. Under these precise laboratory conditions, he demonstrated the effect and consistent counterclockwise rotation.
Shapiro, Ascher H. (December 1962). "Bath-Tub Vortex". Nature. 196 (4859): 1080–1081. Bibcode:1962Nature
But under well-controlled conditions of experimentation, the observer looking downward at a drain in the northern hemisphere will always see a counter-clockwise vortex, while one in the southern hemisphere will always see a clockwise vortex. In a properly designed experiment, the vortex is produced by Coriolis forces, which are counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphere.
Lloyd Trefethen reported clockwise rotation in the Southern Hemisphere at the University of Sydney in five tests with settling times of 18 h or more.
Trefethen, Lloyd M.; Bilger, R. W.; Fink, P. T.; Luxton, R. E.; Tanner, R. I. (September 1965). "The Bath-Tub Vortex in the Southern Hemisphere". Nature. 207 (5001): 1084–1085
Spin
Airplanes DO correct for Corilois effect
Centrifual force exactly as a sphere predicts
Eötvös Effect: Direct Evidence Earth is a Rotating Sphere
Long-Range Snipers and the Coriolis & Eötvös Effects
Artillery
Ring Laser Gyroscope
The Foucault Pendulum Proves Spherical and Rotating Earth
Earth is an inertial reference frame
Explains precession
firing-vertically
Slow spin not fast, so perfectly works (angular speed vs tangential speed)
Bogus vortex model and relative speeds
Orbital spin explains seasons and why they are as long as they are
Orbital inclination and why we do not see eclipses every month
Keplers laws exact predict orbiting earth trajectory, change of speeds, etc.
Cyclonic Rotation: The Direction a Cyclone or Hurricane Rotates
Gyrocompass, Sagnac interferometer, Michelson-Gale-Pearson experiment, Compton
Airplanes DO correct for Corilois effect
Centrifual force exactly as a sphere predicts
Eötvös Effect: Direct Evidence Earth is a Rotating Sphere
Long-Range Snipers and the Coriolis & Eötvös Effects
Artillery
Ring Laser Gyroscope
The Foucault Pendulum Proves Spherical and Rotating Earth
Earth is an inertial reference frame
Explains precession
firing-vertically
Slow spin not fast, so perfectly works (angular speed vs tangential speed)
Bogus vortex model and relative speeds
Orbital spin explains seasons and why they are as long as they are
Orbital inclination and why we do not see eclipses every month
Keplers laws exact predict orbiting earth trajectory, change of speeds, etc.
Cyclonic Rotation: The Direction a Cyclone or Hurricane Rotates
Gyrocompass, Sagnac interferometer, Michelson-Gale-Pearson experiment, Compton